莰烯醛O-取代肟的合成及其抗肿瘤活性

以莰烯醛肟与卤代物为原料经亲核取代反应合成了9个未见报道的莰烯醛O-取代肟类化合物,分别为2-(3,3-二甲基双环[2.2.1]庚-2-亚基)乙醛O-苄基肟(2a)、2-(3,3-二甲基双环[2.2.1]庚-2-亚基)乙醛O-丁基肟(2b)、2-(3,3-二甲基双环[2.2.1]庚-2-亚基)乙醛O-(4-氯丁基)肟(2c)、2-(3,3-二甲基双环[2.2.1]庚-2-亚基)乙醛O-(3-溴苄基)肟(2d)、2-(3,3-二甲基双环[2.2.1]庚-2-亚基)乙醛O-(4-叔丁基苄基)肟(2e)、2-(3,3-二甲基双环[2.2.1]庚-2-亚基)乙醛O-(4-氯苄基)肟(2f)、2-(3,3-二甲基双环[2.2.1]庚-2-亚基)乙醛O-(4-氰基苄基)肟(2g)、2-(3,3-二甲基双环[2.2.1]庚-2-亚基)乙醛O-(2,6-二氯苄基)肟(2h)、2-(3,3-二甲基双环[2.2.1]庚-2-亚基)乙醛O-(邻氟苄基)肟(2i)。利用FT-IR、GC-MS、1H NMR以及13C NMR对产物结构进行了表征。以化合物2a为例,探索了不同工艺条件对产物得率的影响,在甲苯为溶剂,n(莰烯醛肟)∶n(氯化苄)∶n(四丁基溴化铵)为1.0∶1.8∶0.08,反应温度为60℃,反应时间为20 h的最佳工艺条件下,产物的得率为84.1%。通过体外抗肿瘤活性测试,探讨了化合物2a^2i对肝癌细胞HepG2和人乳腺癌细胞MCF7的抑制作用,结果表明:化合物2b对HepG2细胞的抑制作用较好,其半数抑制浓度(IC 50)值为36.3μmol/L;化合物2d、2h、2i对MCF7有一定的抑制作用,其中化合物2h对MCF7的抑制作用较好,其IC50值为19.2μmol/L。     

Alteration in important quality traits and antioxidant activities in Brassica oleracea with Ogura cybrid cytoplasm

In vegetable brassicas, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system is the most preferred mechanism for hybrid seed production and Ogura cybrid cytoplasm is the only source used widely. Effects of the alien cybrid cytoplasm on important quality traits need to be understood for their effective use in breeding programme. In analysing 38 Ogura cybrid cytoplasm‐based cauliflower CMS lines, it was revealed that introgression of Ogura cytoplasm resulted in significant alteration in important quality traits. Cupric reducing antioxidant activity and ferric reducing ability of plasma values were increased up to 5–10 times in different genotypes. Among 38 analysed CMS lines, concentration of plant pigments such as anthocyanin, total chlorophylls and ascorbic acid was reduced in 21, 17 and 32 genotypes, respectively. However, the concentration of total carotenoids and β‐carotene was elevated in most of the CMS lines and total carotenoid was increased up to 20 times in the CMS line, Ogu13‐85‐2A. The results indicate the role of nuclear–cytoplasmic interaction and mitochondrial genome in determining concentration of different quality traits.     

煮熟和干燥处理对黄藤笋抗氧化活性的影响

通过测定黄藤熟笋、生笋(鲜切笋)、熟笋干和生笋干的水和4种不同浓度乙醇提取物中的自由基清除能力、总还原能力、总多酚含量和总黄酮含量,研究了煮熟、干燥加工方法对黄藤笋提取物抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,煮熟处理能保持或提高提取物的抗氧化活性,干燥处理则相反。乙醇提取物比水提取物具有更高的抗氧化活性,以50%~75%的乙醇提取溶剂效果最好。熟笋在所有溶剂中的自由基清除能力、总还原能力、总多酚含量和总黄酮含量均表现出最高水平,表明煮熟是黄藤笋适宜的加工利用方式。     

长蒴黄麻总黄酮的提取及其抗氧化性

为长蒴黄麻的开发利用提供参考依据,对超声波协同乙醇提取长蒴黄麻黄酮的效果进行了研究,并进行了长蒴黄麻黄酮的抗氧化性试验.结果表明,最优提取条件为温度42℃、料液比1∶35、乙醇浓度80％、提取时间25min,在此条件下长蒴黄麻总黄酮的提取率为2.577％.长蒴黄麻黄酮提取物对羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基具有一定的清除作...     

Effects of intrauterine growth restriction during late pregnancy on the ovine fetal renal function and antioxidant capacity

This study investigated the effects of intrauterine growth restriction during late pregnancy on the ovine fetal renal function and renal antioxidant capacity. Eighteen ewes pregnant were randomly divided into control group (CG, ad libitum, 0.67 MJ ME·BW^−0.75·day⁻¹, n = 6), restricted group 1 (RG1, 0.18 MJ ME·BW^−0.75·day⁻¹, n = 6), and restricted group 2 (RG2, 0.33 MJ ME·BW^−0.75·day⁻¹, n = 6). At 140 days, the fetal blood, allantoic fluid and kidney tissue were collected to determinate fetal renal function and renal antioxidant capacity. The results showed that the fetal weight, kidney weight, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) and aquaporin-3 (AQP-3), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in RG1 group were decreased compared with the CG (P < 0.05), but the contents of β2-Microglobulin (β 2-MG), cystatin C (Cys-C), filtered sodium excretion fraction (FENa), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydroxyl radical (OH) in RG1 group were increased (P < 0.05). The impaired ovine fetal renal growth, antioxidant imbalance and dysfunction of glomerulus ultrafiltration, and the renal tubules reabsorption were induced by maternal malnutrition during late pregnancy.     

Comparison of phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities in skins and pulps of eleven grape cultivars(Vitis vinifera L.)

Eleven grape cultivars were analysed to explore the variety differences of fresh grape phenolic profiles. The results showed that free phenolics were predominant in grape skins and pulps, and showed the higher antioxidant activities than bound. In 11 cultivars, Muscat Kyoho extracts had the highest total phenolic content in skins(10.525 mg GAE g~(–1) FW) and pulps(1.134 mg GAE g~(–1) FW), and exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavening capacity(EC_(50)=11.7 μg mL~(–1)) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity(ORAC) value(190.57 μmol TE g~(–1) FW) of free phenolic in skin. In addition, the most abundant phenolics in grape skins were found to be flavonoids such as kaempferol in Kyoho skin(541.2 μg g~(–1) FW), rutin, catechin and epicatechin in Muscat Kyoho skin(262.3, 86.3 and 70.0 μg g~(–1) FW, respectively). Furthermore, the principal component analysis showed a strong difference of phenolic profiles with the cultivars, existing forms and distributions. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed a significant linear correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity(P0.05). Therefore, both skins and pulps were rich sources of bioactive phenolic compounds, and Muscat Kyoho was the ideal source among all samples.     

氟节胺抑制枇杷嫁接成苗砧木萌蘖相关机理初探

为寻找更长效、无害的化学控蘖剂以减轻田间管理劳动强度,以枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica)嫁接成苗为材料,喷施有效成分浓度为0.050%,0.071%和0.125%的氟节胺,于不同时期取样观察控蘖效果,并尝试探究相关机理。结果表明,氟节胺减少了叶片单位面积光能的吸收量、抑制了光化学转换,但叶片的热耗散量并无明显变化。进一步测定植株氧化还原状态发现,氟节胺能够快速促进细胞内超氧阴离子(O₂^.-)积累并延缓或抑制H₂O₂的转化,从而诱发氧化胁迫。由此可见,氟节胺可能通过抑制叶片光化学转换和热耗散来破坏新生萌蘖的光合性能,进而抑制其萌发生长,而成熟叶片则通过提升自身抗氧化系统活性耐受氟节胺造成的轻度胁迫。在本试验中,各浓度的氟节胺对控制砧木萌蘖有不同程度的效果,其中浓度为0.125%的氟节胺控蘖效果相对最佳,且基本不会对砧木和嫁接成苗造成持续伤害,其作为化学控蘖剂有一定的应用潜力。     

蜂王浆对尾静脉注射4T1细胞小鼠抗氧化能力的影响

探讨蜂王浆对尾静脉注射4T1细胞小鼠的抗氧化和免疫力的影响.将4T1细胞或其与蜂王浆的混合物通过尾静脉注射入小鼠体内,ELISA法检测蜂王浆对小鼠血清、肝脏和肾脏中与抗氧化能力相关的指标及血清中和免疫力相关细胞因子水平的影响.结果表明,和模型对照组相比,蜂王浆(50、100 mg·mL~(-1))可以显著提高小鼠血清内T-AOC、IFN-α(P0.05)水平,降低IL-4的水平(P0.05);蜂王浆剂量为50 mg·m L~(-1)时,IFN-γ的含量显著增加(P0.05).蜂王浆(100 mg·mL~(-1))显著提高肾脏中T-AOC的水平(P0.05).可见,蜂王浆可以改善尾静脉注射4T1细胞小鼠的抗氧化能力和免疫力.     

不同剂量25羟基维生素D3对断奶前犊牛血液生化指标、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响

为研究不同剂量25羟基维生素D₃[25(OH)VD₃]对断奶前犊牛血液水平、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响,选取18 头健康状况良好的新生荷斯坦犊牛,随机分成3 组,每组6 头进行为期56 天的饲养试验。分为对照组[不添加25(OH)VD₃]、低剂量组[25(OH)VD₃添加量6 000 IU/头·天]和高剂量组[25(OH)VD₃添加量12 000 IU/头·天]。结果表明,与对照组相比,随着25(OH)VD₃添加剂量增加,血浆生长激素、胰岛素样生长因子-1、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、总抗氧化能力以及免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著增加(P<0.05),而丙二醛含量随剂量增加而存在降低趋势(P=0.079)。与对照组和低剂量组相比,高剂量组血浆免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量有增加趋势(P=0.059)。综上所述,断奶前犊牛饲喂高剂量25(OH)VD₃有利于促进体内生长激素和胰岛素样生长因子-1分泌,可提高犊牛抗氧化能力,增强免疫功能。     

甲壳素对连作平邑甜茶生长、光合及抗氧化酶的影响

以苹果连作土盆栽的平邑甜茶幼苗为试材,探讨了0、0.5、1.0和2.5 g·kg-1不同施入量的甲壳素对其光合速率、活性氧含量及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,1.0 g·kg-1的甲壳素处理能显著促进幼苗株高、地径,干样质量和根冠比的增加,根冠比为对照的1.51倍;明显提高了幼苗叶片光合色素含量、净光合速率和蒸腾速率,其中光合速率为对照的1.30倍;同时提高了幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性,分别为对照的1.10倍、1.85倍、1.77倍和1.43倍;减少了叶片丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H2O2)和超氧阴离子的积累,分别为对照的73%、62%和34%,降低了脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性糖含量。当甲壳素施用量为2.5 g·kg-1时则显著抑制平邑甜茶幼苗生长,降低幼苗叶片光合速率和抗氧化酶活性,并使超氧阴离子和脯氨酸含量明显上升。因此,适宜用量的甲壳素能减轻苹果的连作障碍。